European January airport traffic hit by Omicron restrictions
European airport trade body, ACI EUROPE, today released its air traffic report for January 2022.
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The report shows that passenger traffic across the European airport network increased by +158% during the month compared to the same period last year, when large parts of the continent remained in full lockdown and access to most intercontinental markets was shut off.
However, passenger volumes in January 2022 still remained -45.7% below pre-pandemic levels (January 2019). They also deteriorated significantly over the preceding month (December 2021 at -39.4%), as Omicron-related restrictions halted the recovery with airlines adjusting capacity downward.
Olivier Jankovec, Director General of ACI EUROPE commented: “January saw the recovery going into reverse mode, due to the attempts of many European countries to contain Omicron through a combination of local measures and largely inefficient travel restrictions. The positive thing is that we are now out of these dynamics.
"Travel regimes are finally aligning, allowing fully vaccinated people to freely travel again both within and outside Europe and local restrictions are also being eased across the continent.
"But just as prospects were finally brightening, the atrocious invasion of Ukraine by Russia is now casting the longest of shadows”.
Unless otherwise indicated, all data reported below are against pre-pandemlic (2019) corresponding periods.
EU+ market most affected by Omicron related restrictions
The deterioration of passenger traffic was mainly driven by the EU+ market, where passenger traffic dropped from -43.7% in December to -51.1% in January. Conversely, the Omicron effect was much more limited in the rest of Europe, with passenger traffic only sliding back from -20.1% in December to -23.8% in January.
Within the EU+ market, the slump in domestic passenger traffic was particularly impressive, from -28.8% in December to -45% in January. This reflected local restrictions limiting social activities and impacting mobility in many countries. International passenger traffic also decreased markedly, from -47.8% in December to -52.8% in January, due to the re-introduction of restrictions to travel within the EU/EEA, including for fully vaccinated travellers.
The performance gap in passenger traffic between national EU+ markets widened significantly in January, partly as a reflection of the different responses from States to Omicron as regards both local and travel restrictions. The best performances came from airports located in Croatia (-33.3%), Spain (-37.5%), Bulgaria (-38.2%) and Portugal (-38.9%). Conversely, airports in Czech Republic (-64.9%), Sweden (-61.8%), Finland (-61.2%) and Germany (-60.6%) posted the largest declines.
In the rest of Europe, airports in the smaller markets of Kosovo (+15%), Albania (+13.1%) and Bosnia Herzegovina (+5.7%) all achieved passenger traffic volumes in excess of pre-pandemic (2019) levels in January. In larger markets, airports in Russia (-9.9%) were close to recovering their pre-pandemic (2019) volumes thanks to the continued dynamism of their domestic market, followed by those in Ukraine (-23.2%) and Turkey (-34.4%). Meanwhile, Omicron-related restrictions weighed heavily on airports in Israel (-69.2%) and Iceland (-64.4%) whilst those in Belarus (-54.1%) kept being impacted by international sanctions – in particular the EU ban on Belarusian airlines.
Majors still below European average
The passenger traffic performance of the Majors (Top 5 European airports) also deteriorated in January at -48.5% against the preceding month (-42.3% in December) and remained below the European average.
The Omicron travel restrictions also slightly altered the composition of the top league with Moscow-Sheremetyevo (-30.2%) replacing Amsterdam-Schiphol (-50.3%) in the fifth position. Istanbul (-33.5%) remained the busiest European airport, followed by Paris-CDG (-49.3%), Madrid-Barajas Adolfo Suarez (-38.7%) and London Heathrow (-56.2%).
Sharpest declines at small regional airports
With passenger traffic retreating from -25% in December 2021 to -38% in January, smaller regional airports (below 5 million passengers per annum pre-pandemic) on average experienced the sharpest decline.
As in previous months, mostly insular airports and those serving popular tourism destinations were more resilient – including Trapani (-15.3%), Ajaccio (-15.5%), Ibiza (-16.3%), Varna (-16.7%), Fuerteventura (-27.7%), Tenerife Norte (-21%) and Funchal (-25.6%).
Freight & movements
Freight traffic across the European airport network increased by +5.8% in January compared to the same period last year – but remained at -8.6% below pre-pandemic (January 2019) levels. This is a clear reversal compared to December 2021 (+12.4% against pre-pandemic level).
Aircraft movements increased by +97% in January compared to the same period last year, remaining at -42.1% below pre-pandemic (January 2019) levels. This was also a sharp decline compared to the preceding month (December 2021 at -23.8%).
During January, airports welcoming more than 25 million passengers per year (Group 1), airports welcoming between 10 and 25 million passengers (Group 2), airports welcoming between five and 10 million passengers (Group 3) and airports welcoming less than five million passengers per year (Group 4) reported an average decline of -48.6%, -44.2%, -39.7% and -38% respectively. Majors (the top five busiest airports) reported an average decrease of -48.5% against pre-pandemic levels (2019).
ACI EUROPE is the European region of Airports Council International (ACI), the only worldwide professional association of airport operators. ACI EUROPE represents over 500 airports in 55 countries, with its members facilitating over 90% of commercial air traffic in Europe.
In response to the Climate Emergency, in June 2019 its members committed to achieving Net Zero carbon emissions for operations under their control by 2050, without offsetting.